Food security is a critical challenge in a world where population growth coincides with increasing pressure on agricultural resources. Climate change, unsustainable farming practices, and soil degradation threaten the ability of food systems to meet global demand. Ensuring sustainable, stable, and resilient food production is essential to prevent food crises that can trigger famine, conflict, and large-scale migration. This axis aims to analyze agricultural systems, their efficiency, and the ways in which populations adapt to fluctuations in agricultural output and productivity.

Satellite data provide powerful tools to monitor agricultural production, assess crop health, and anticipate food shortages. Multispectral imagery enables the measurement of crop productivity, the detection of water and nutrient stress, and the estimation of yields. In addition, meteorological and thermal remote-sensing satellites make it possible to track local climate conditions, temperature anomalies, and soil moisture—key inputs for assessing the impacts of climate change on agriculture.